📋 Case Study

Catalytic Reactor Distributor Plate Retrofit for Ammonia Synthesis Loop

Channeling and maldistribution causing localized hot spots (>520°C) and catalyst sintering

🏗️ Project Overview

Revamp of 3,000 tpd Haber-Bosch reactor in Louisiana

🎯 Challenge

Channeling and maldistribution causing localized hot spots (>520°C) and catalyst sintering

🔧 Design Approach

Laser-scanned bed geometry → multiphase CFD → optimized orifice pattern with graded resistance to equalize superficial velocity ±5%

📐 Design Diagram

Catalytic Reactor Distributor Plate Retrofit Inlet Gas Reactor Shell Old Plate: Channeling Hot Spot >520°C New Plate: Graded Orifices Cd = 0.62Q/A = 0.18 m/s Uniform Velocity ±5% Legend:MaldistributionOptimized PlateFlow Direction

AI-generated project design illustration

📐 Key Calculations

Superficial Gas Velocity

Q/A
Result: 0.18 m/s
Target uniformity window for Fe₃O₄ catalyst

Orifice Discharge Coefficient

Cd = Q/(A√(2ΔP/ρ))
Result: 0.62
Calibrated for high-pressure H₂/N₂ mixture at 150 bar

📊 Results

Radial temperature spread reduced from ±32°C to ±4.5°C; catalyst life extended by 40%

💡 Lessons Learned

  • Discharge coefficient varies significantly with gas composition and pressure — empirical calibration required
  • Distributor plate must account for radial void fraction gradients

Key Takeaways

  • 1Discharge coefficient varies significantly with gas composition and pressure — empirical calibration required
  • 2Distributor plate must account for radial void fraction gradients